What ethical principle emphasizes preventing harm to patients?

The correct answer is non-maleficence, which is a fundamental ethical principle in healthcare. Non-maleficence specifically stresses the importance of not causing harm to patients. This principle obligates healthcare professionals to consider the consequences of their actions, ensuring that the interventions or treatments provided do not inflict unnecessary pain or suffering. It serves as a guideline to help practitioners navigate medical decisions, balancing potential benefits against the risk of harm.

In contrast, autonomy centers on respecting the patient's right to make informed decisions about their own care, which is also crucial but does not directly address the prevention of harm. Beneficence focuses on promoting the well-being of patients and actively providing benefits through care and treatment. Fidelity pertains to the obligation to keep promises and be loyal to commitments made to patients. While all these principles are significant in medical ethics, non-maleficence specifically captures the essence of the ethical duty to avoid harming patients.